How to Use IPFS to Store Data On Blockchain? IPFS Protocol for Decentralized System

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Think about this, a block chain is fundamentally a decentralized system. Alternatively, a decentralized peer-to-peer system can be realized independent of a blockchain. Interplanetary Files System, IPFS, is a fine example of such a system. IPFS is a decentralized model for file transfer in contrast to centralize namespace and transfer provided by HTTP family of protocols. HTTP or Hypertext Transfer Protocol operates in a centralized hierarchical namespace. For example, a website is identified by http://www.cse.buffalo.edu, where each item is resolved hierarchically by the Domain Name Service, DNS. Peer-to-peer transfer of data is not new, it has been an age-old quest. Recall the Napster and Gnutella media sharing services, and the Bittorrent service that is underlying many of our current data seeming services. Juan Benet, the creator of IPFS, described IPFS it is whitepaper as Content Addressed, Versioned, P2P file system. In this lesson, we’ll look into the details of IPFS, a decentralized file sharing protocol. On completion of this lesson, you will be able to discuss the architecture of IPFS, explain the operations of IPFS, list the benefits over blockchain based solution, discuss IPFS + Blockchain solution. Once again, similar to Bitcoin, IPFS leverages, combined many successful peer-to-peer system ideas. These ideas are: Global distributed file system, IPFS is about distribution decentralization, content-based identification using secure hash of contents as a file location identifier, and resolving locations using Distributed Hash Table. The next idea is the Block exchanges using popular Bittorrent based peer-to-peer file distribution protocol, and Incentivized block exchange using Bitswap protocol, and Merkel DAG, Directed Acyclic Graph, version-based organization of files, similar to Git version control system. Finally, self-certification of storage node servers for security. This is the high level view of the architecture of IPFS. Files are located in a distributed system. A distributed hash table maintains a location of the files. Application use the hash as the key in the DHD that returns the location of the file. Once the location of the file is determined, the peer-to-peer transport takes place. The nodes of computers that hold the decentralized file objects that formed the global file system. They hold the objects that formed the files to be exchanged. Nodes are identified by cryptographic hashes of its public key. This is similar to our blockchain nodes. File objects are identified by a secure hash and any object may contain sub-objects, each with its own hash that is used in the creation of the root hash of the object. Recall the Merkel Tree from course one, the blockchain basics? In the current world wide web protocol, we typically refer to a web resource or a data by the server on which they are stored. For example, https://www.coursera.org/ actually refers to the server on which the Coursera page is hosted, and to a particular directory and file on that server. This is a centralized approach. What if the resources are available in a number of distributed locations? IPFS offers a decentralized solution for this. Then, how does IPFS identify the resources? Well, hash of course. Instead of identifying the resource by its location as an HTTP, IPFS identifies the resource by its content or by the secure hash of its contents. In this case, the file is addressed by a universally unique identifier instead of by its location.

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